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Electrospinning is basically the drafting of polymer fluid. Many different types of polymers can be used for electrospinning to prepare fibers. The material used for electrospinning depends on the target application, material spinnability, material cost, solvent safety and solvent cost etc.
(1) Commonly used electrospinning polymers and solvents used:
Num | Polymer name | Abbreviation | Solvent |
1 | Polyoxyethylene | PEO | Deionized water |
2 | Polyvinyl alcohol | Deionized water | |
3 | Polyvinylpyrrolidone | PVP | Deionized water, Ethanol、DMF |
4 | Polyvinylidene fluoride | PVDF | DMF、DMAc、（DMF：Acetone=7:3） |
5 | Polyacrylonitrile | PAN | DMF、DMAc |
6 | Polycaprolactone | PCL | TCM、DCM、（DCM：DMF=7:3） |
7 | Polylactic acid | PLA | HFIP、TCM、DCM、（DCM：DMF=7:3） |
8 | Polyethersulfone | PES | DMF、DMAc |
9 | Polyurethane | PU | DMF、DMAc |
10 | Polystyrene | PS | DMF、DMAc、TCM 、THF |
11 | Polyamide | PA | Formic acid、HFIP |
12 | Cellulose acetate | CA | （DMF：Acetone=1:2） （85% Acetone：15% Deionized water） |
13 | Chitosan | CS | Trifluoroacetic acid, Acetic acid aqueous solution |
14 | Silk fibroin | SF | HFIP、Formic acid、TFA |
15 | Collagen | collagen | HFIP、TFE |
(2) Common solvent parameters for electrospinning:
Num | Solvent | Density (g/cm3) | Dielectric constant | Boiling point (℃) | Saturated vapor pressure (kPa) |
1 | Water | 1.0 | 78.54~80.2 | 100 | 2.34 (25℃) |
2 | Ethanol | 0.798 | 24.55 | 78.5 | 5.33 (19℃) |
3 | DMF | 0.945 | 36.7 | 153 | 2.7 (20℃) |
4 | HFIP | 1.596 | 17.75 | 58.2 | 102 (20℃) |
5 | THF | 0.889 | 7.6 | 66 | 21.6 (20℃) |
6 | TFA | 1.535 | 42.1 | 72.4 | 14 (25℃) |
7 | TFE | 1.383 | 27.5 | 78 | 52 (20℃) |
8 | DCM | 1.325 | 8.9 | 40 | 47 (25℃) |
9 | TCM | 1.483 | 4.81 | 62 | 26.2 (25℃) |
10 | Formic acid | 1.22 | 58.5 | 100.5 | 5.33 (24℃) |
11 | Acetic acid | 1.048 | 6.15 | 117 | 1.5 (20℃) |
12 | Acetone | 0.790 | 20.7 | 56 | 30.8 (25℃) |
(3) Electrospinning materials commonly used in different applications:
a. Air filtration/water filtration: PVDF, PAN, PA, PES, PU, PLA, PS, etc.
b. Biomedicine: PEO, PCL, PLGA, PLA, collagen, silk fibroin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, chitin, etc.
c Battery separator:. PI, PEI, PVDF, PMIA, etc.
d. Waterproof and breathable: PU, PVDF, etc.
e. Carbon nanofiber: PAN, PVP, etc.
f. Inorganic nanofiber spinning aid materials: PVA, PVP, etc.
g. Adsorption separation: CA, PAN, chitosan, etc.
(4) Electrospinning commonly used receiving substrate:
Aluminum foil paper, release paper, glossy paper, spunbond cloth, melt blown cloth, plastic screen, wood pulp fiber paper, etc.